Basics
Challenges
Classes
Debugging
Events
External Files
Flow Control
Forms
Functions
Html Elements
Installation
Interfaces
Keywords
Modules
Namespaces
Operators
Reference Files
String
Types
http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/modules.html
In order to understand how TypeScript resolves the location of the modules you want to import, you need to understand the difference between relative imports and non-relative imports.
As a general rule of thumb, you should refer to your own modules with relative references and 3rd party modules with non-relative references.
Relative References
// off of the root
import { Foo } from '/foo.ts';
// in the current folder
import { Foo } from './foo.ts';
// up two folders above and then in a 'folder' folder name
import { Foo } from '../../folder/foo.ts';
Non-Relative References
Non-relative references are nearly identical except for the fact they do not include any references to the folder structure before the module name.
// notice that these don't include any paths.
import * as $ from 'jquery';
import * as lodash from 'lodash';
import { Developer } from 'person.ts';